秘鲁外海茎柔鱼胴长组成及性成熟初步研究

根据2001年6-8月我国鱿钓船对秘鲁外海（79°～90° W、5°～16° S）茎柔鱼资源的调查,对其胴长组成和性成熟作了初步分析.结果表明,渔获物胴长范围为200～880 mm,优势胴长为240～480 mm,约占总数的80%左右.依据胴长组成和性成熟度,调查海域茎柔鱼存在3个群体.雌雄性别比为2.52∶1.00.渔获物中,雄性个体的性成熟度高于雌性,雄性Ⅲ和Ⅳ期占总数84.3%,雌性仅占47.5%.同一性成熟阶段,雌性个体的胴长范围均大于雄性.经估算,雌性和雄性个体的初次性成熟胴长分别为374 mm、228 mm.     

贝螺杀对大瓶螺的药效试验

１９９１－１９９３年在室内和田间用贝螺杀对大瓶螺进行了一系列浓度的毒力和药效试验。室内试验在１．４×１０＾－＾４＾０％浓度经２４ｈ螺的死亡率为８７．３３％－８８．３３％，田间试验在１．４×１０＾－＾４＾％浓度２４ｈ螺的死亡率为８３．３３％。     

油茶有效传粉蜂种研究进展

油茶(Camellia oleifera)属异花虫媒授粉树种,是我国重要的油料植物。油茶的结实率相当大程度上依赖于传粉昆虫,其中传粉效率较高的大分舌蜂、油茶地蜂等膜翅目昆虫是主要的有效传粉昆虫。综述了几种油茶有效传粉蜂的生物学特性、传粉特性以及引放技术,并展望今后油茶授粉研究方向及重点。     

40种植物甲醇提取物的杀螺活性研究

对40种药用或有毒植物甲醇提取物的室内杀螺活性测定结果表明:木荷、黄姜、博落回等3种植物提取物在浓度为100mg/L时,浸杀福寿螺幼螺48h,死亡率为100%;50mg/L时,浸杀72h,死亡率为98.28%以上。其中木荷、博落回对福寿螺有良好的抑制上爬作用,具有进一步研究价值。     

Electrophysiological Evaluation of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Sensitivity to Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin

Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) may bio-accumulate high levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) during harmful algal blooms of the genus Alexandrium. These blooms regularly occur in coastal waters, affecting oyster health and marketability. The aim of our study was to analyse the PST-sensitivity of nerves of Pacific oysters in relation with toxin bio-accumulation. The results show that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of saxitoxin (STX) sensitivity, thus providing intermediate STX sensitivity compared to other bivalve species. However, theses nerves were much less sensitive to tetrodotoxin. The STX-sensitivity of compound nerve action potential (CNAP) recorded from oysters experimentally fed with Alexandrium minutum (toxic-alga-exposed oysters), or Tisochrysis lutea, a non-toxic microalga (control oysters), revealed that oysters could be separated into STX-resistant and STX-sensitive categories, regardless of the diet. Moreover, the percentage of toxin-sensitive nerves was lower, and the STX concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of CNAP higher, in recently toxic-alga-exposed oysters than in control bivalves. However, no obvious correlation was observed between nerve sensitivity to STX and the STX content in oyster digestive glands. None of the nerves isolated from wild and farmed oysters was detected to be sensitive to tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, this study highlights the good potential of cerebrovisceral nerves of Pacific oysters for electrophysiological and pharmacological studies. In addition, this study shows, for the first time, that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of STX sensitivity. The STX sensitivity decreases, at least temporary, upon recent oyster exposure to dinoflagellates producing PST under natural, but not experimental environment.     

红点唇瓢虫对杨圆蚧的捕食功能

杨圆蚧是我国东北林区杨树的主要害虫，对它的防治已经由化学防治向生物防治转化，红点唇瓢虫作为杨圆蚧的主要捕食性天敌，对杨圆蚧有较好的控制作用。在前人研究的基础上，经在黑龙江省大庆市观察，越冬后的成瓢和冬龄幼瓢。     

浅谈防城港市农田福寿螺发生趋势及防治对策

阐明了防城港市农田福寿螺发生趋势，并指出福寿螺发生程度逐年加重的四大原因，提出了以农业防治为基础。生物控制、人工防除和化学防治相结合的综合防治策略。     

福寿螺的生长速度和繁殖力试验

福寿螺在广州地区１年可发生３代，螺龄为２０～８０日，每只螺每１０天平均增重：一代０．９０ｇ，（２０．２～２７．６℃）；二代２．３８ｇ，（２６．４～３０．６℃）；三代０．１８ｇ，（１７．４～２５．７℃）。一代每只雌螺平均繁殖幼螺３０５０．１只，孵化率为７０．０８％，二代每只雌螺平均繁殖幼螺１０６８只，孵化率为５９．４％，１只雌螺经１年两代共繁殖幼螺３２．５万余只，繁殖力极强。     

肾上腺素对岩牡蛎幼虫变态的诱导

为了得到壳型规则、大小均一的单体牡蛎,本研究采用肾上腺素对岩牡蛎单体苗种生产的诱导条件进行研究,阐明了岩牡蛎单体苗种的最适诱导浓度、诱导时间和诱导密度。结果显示,肾上腺素能显著诱导岩牡蛎幼虫的不固着变态,最适诱导浓度为5×10–5 mol/L,最适诱导时间为1 h,提高诱导浓度和延长诱导时间导致岩牡蛎幼虫的不固着变态率、稚贝壳高和存活率显著降低;肾上腺素对低于8个/mL幼虫密度的诱导效果差异不显著,但稚贝壳高和存活率在8个/mL的培育密度下显著低于0.5～4个/mL,研究表明利用肾上腺素诱导岩牡蛎单体时,可大批量处理眼点幼虫,但稚贝充气培养的最适培养密度应不高于4个/mL。     

6-9月秘鲁外海茎柔鱼资源的空间异质性研究

根据2003-2012年6-9月(2005年数据缺失)秘鲁外海茎柔鱼渔获数据,利用全局和局部自相关性分析,结合半变异函数模型,探讨秘鲁外海茎柔鱼资源分布的异质性特点,并寻找影响茎柔鱼空间分布的关键环境因子。研究认为:(1)全局自相关统计量Moran’s I和局部自相关统计量Getis-Ord Gi*的Z得分结果显示,秘鲁外海茎柔鱼呈斑块状中等程度的聚集分布,7月份的聚集性强;(2)趋势性分析认为,6-9月茎柔鱼资源在南北方向上基本都呈现出南低北高的变化趋势,而东西方向上均呈现出中间高两端低的分布趋势;(3)6、8月份的最优模型为高斯模型,7月份的最优模型为球状模型,9月份的最优模型为指数模型,6-9月份的块金系数分别为41.33%、24.66%、25.89%和35.42%,其反映了中等程度自相关性,与全局自相关的分析结果一致;(4)相关性检验认为,秘鲁外海茎柔鱼资源局部聚集分布主要是受到海表面高度的影响。对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼资源分布空间异质性的研究,对揭示其栖息地分布及其生态学意义具有一定的作用。